Koch Industries: Challenge Process

Here is a video I dug up from YouTube from Koch Industries that discusses the challenge process that occurs at the company. Charles Koch is in the video as well and basically explains how Koch Industries became so successful in less than 2 and 1/2 minutes. I did blog about Market-Based Management in a book that Charles Koch wrote here.

John Allison on Financial Crisis and Market Purity

John Allison recently spoke to AEI on December 6, 2012. I have a lot of respect for John Allison who actually was a CEO of a bank during the financial crisis which gives him more credibility to discuss the topic rather than someone who believes what should have happened. Allison did a great interview for the Kaizen where he discussed his career at BB&T and explains how he grew the company. Dr. Walter E. Williams also wrote a column about the recent book John Allison published called "The Financial Crisis and the Free Market Cure . I read the book myself and really had no idea how much the banking industry was regulated or how government policies really were one of the main causes of the financial crisis in 2008. Allison was not to long ago was named the President and CEO of the CATO Institute. Cheers for Mr. Allison and bringing some sanity in a world of insanity!

Case for 24/7 Stock Market

So recently I have been thinking about markets and how they operate. One thing that seems strange is why the stock market is not open 24 hours a day, 7 days per week, 365 days per day. You might think this is odd however in the financial industry many people are at work a little before the market opens 8:30 A.M. and are done by 3:30 P.M. Of course there is other work that has to be done by trading can only be done in these hours. This is odd considering currency markets are open 24 hours a day 6 days per week (has been going on since 1995 too). I found this article from 1985 that talked about 24 hour trading (commissions back then were over $100 and a far cry from the $4 now paid by investors). Also since 1985 trading hours have been from 9:30 A.M. to 4 P.M. Eastern Time. However despite this after-hours trading can go on between 4-8 P.M.

Simple economics should suggest that a 24 hour stock market is a no brainer  If we had a 24 hour market then we would have less volatility because we would have more transactions. For some odd reason I believe people might get worried about the market taking a tumble at 3 A.M... However, nearly every other market is open 24 hours per day. Wal-Mart, McDonalds, and IHOP, are a few that are open 24 hours a day. People buy goods online all day and night. So it is really strange how anyone would argue against a 24 hour market. As long as there is a willing buying and seller we should have there always will be a deal to be made. 

Surgery Center of Oklahoma: First and Only Free Market Hospital in America

I saw this recent video about the Surgery Center of Oklahoma which may be in fact the only free market hospital in America if not the world. I blogged about the hospital in this post.  What is interesting is that the hospital actually posts prices for surgeries. What I found interesting was the hospital also published infection rates which I don’t see regular hospitals do. In the investment industry fund managers post data like risk, return, and other important data. Why don’t hospitals, physicians and surgeons do the same? As long as the insurance company is picking up the bill do patients really have that much incentive to care? By the way the Surgery Center of Oklahoma has a lower infection rate of a mere .001% which is much lower than the national average of 2.6%. Hospitals hire administers which can be in the six figure range and really just handle paperwork. I am amazed when I go to a doctor why they ask me the same questions (even after I have been to the same doctor for years). Never mind the fact that there is a staff just talking to insurance companies and filling out paperwork. Is this really making us better off? I would say no. Healthcare is not run like a business. What we need is more hospitals like Surgery Center of Oklahoma which don’t take insurance and inform patients of what the prices are. If you had more hospitals like this they would have to compete not only on price but also quality as well. This would be great for patients and lead to some advancements as doctors would try new things to improve care and reduce the risk for the patient. I notice we don’t need an Affordable Food Care Act, Affordable Computer Care Act, or Affordable Video Game Act. Food, computers, and video games operate in a free market where competition increases quality and lowers prices. Healthcare is not a free market by any means. Can you think of any think the government provides that is of higher quality and cheaper than the private sector? Economist Dr. Walter E. Williams summed it up with his own Williams’ law which states: whenever the profit incentive is missing, the probability that people’s wants can be safely ignored is the greatest.

H/T- Carpe Diem

Bill Koch Counterfeit Wine, Sailing, and Book

Bill Koch apparently keeps himself in the news. On Friday November 9, 2012 Inside Edition aired a story that actually featured Koch discussing counterfeit wine as I mentioned in this post. Koch told Inside Edition that he has spent over $4.6 million on fake wine. Even Koch admits that there will not be much sympathy for a billionaire.

In other news Bill Koch has also contributed $500,000 for a sailing exhibition at San Diego Halls of Champions in San Diego (it has been around 20 years since this happened). The exhibition will be available to the public. I have actually started a book about Bill Koch called “To The Third Power”. I have started the book and learned even more about Bill Koch then I did before. For instance Bill Koch graduated in the top 10% at M.I.T.. The book is really about how Koch guided his team to win the American Cup in 1992. I would point out that it was not a cheap one but it seems so far there are some lessons to be learned from a management perspective. I continue to learn more about Bill Koch and find him a very interesting character.

Newsmax: David Koch Speaks

I saw a preview of a profile David Koch did for the November 2012 edition of Newsmax magazine. As you know I have extensively probably more than any other blogger out there covered David Koch has given up to August 2012 $305 million to charity, how he endorses gay marriage, an analysis of David and Charles Koch net worth from 1984-2012 here, and even covered his dating here. Regardless of what your political affiliation is David Koch is truly an interesting person.

The article itself offers a pretty good interview with David Koch. I have read so much about David Koch and the Koch family nothing really is that new (however I did learn even in this article). The first is David Koch denies starting the tea party which is true since it was actually started by Rick Santelli after this famous rant here on CNBC. He also points out that inflation will soon come as the Treasury department with their quantitative easing program (QEinifity). What I probably found most interesting was the work life of David Koch. He wakes up at 7:30 A.M. eating his cereal and yogurt, then makes sure his kids get off to school and is taken to work and is in by 9 A.M.  Many people may believe David Koch doesn’t work hard however he stays until 7 P.M. before leaving to go home to see his wife and 3 kids (David Jr. Mary, Julia, and John Mark) and has a personal chef cook. Speaking of food Koch tips 15% when he goes out to eat which contradicts this foolish article from Bloomberg claiming he was the worst tipper at 740 Park Avenue. Although, he did give all the door men a $50 Christmas bonus (Park Avenue: Money, Power, and the American Dream is unfortunately  airing on November 12 on PBS and I have a feeling I am forecasting nausea in the near distant future after simply looking at the trailer).

Some other cool things about David Koch is that he charters a yacht on the French Riviera and some Greek Islands. Koch enjoys reading about the Founding Fathers and watching sports and documentaries. Another interesting fact I learned is that he doesn’t use the internet. From a Market-Based Management prospective I wonder if he could add value by having e-mail? Growing up David along with his other brothers had to do ranch work. Hard to believe now but David did actually work on a farm ranch driving bulldozers, operating hay bailers, fixed farm equipment, and dug ditches. When he asked his father for a quarter to buy a candy bar his father Fred Koch said he wanted his sons to “appreciate what money meant”, meaning the Koch brothers had to actually work for it.

David Koch runs an interesting group at Koch Industries known as the Koch Membrane Systems group. I blogged about Koch Membrane here.  Basically the company can turn salt water into drinkable water or water used for commercial purposes. The technology seems pretty cool and David has been interested in the technology since his days at MIT. Just about every week Koch flies to Boston and spends two days working at Koch Membrane. David finds the technology interesting and many opportunities available in the industry.

David Koch is also for same-sex marriages (people forget he did run as a libertarian candidate). On Obama Koch calls him, “charming” yet rightfully criticizes the President for attacking businesses who actually do create jobs. Koch would like to bring spending down to 19% (from 25% at present day). What is interesting is that Koch supports a tax increase if it is necessary to win support from Democrats to vote Republican however, Koch would want spending cuts to be five times greater than any tax increase.

The article is interesting and good for someone who does not know much about David Koch. I have said many times on this blog he is an interesting, caring, and generous individual. I really wish he would publish an autobiography since he is truly fascinating no matter what side of the political spectrum you are on.

David Koch 2011 Hope Funds Fundraiser for Cancer Research

People forget in the 1990's David Koch suffered from prostate cancer and still deals with it to this day. He has raised hundreds of millions of dollars to support places like M.D. Anderson Center in Houston, John Hopkins, and a $100 million facility at MIT to promote cancer research. Too bad you will never see this kind of video on MSNBC...

TCU Acceptance Rate 1979-2012

I updated the data from the TCU Fact Book for 2012. Looks like TCU is still being selective (which is a good thing. The acceptance rate went up slightly from 2011 but still near all time lows at just less than 41% of students that apply get into TCU. When I was a freshman I can still remember TCU beating OU in 2005 who was then ranked 5th in the country if I remember correctly. Since then TCU I believe has become more popular. However, I would rather TCU be a strong academic power then just "popular". Maybe soon TCU will be the Northwestern of Texas (same school colors)

William I. Koch vs. Koch Industries The Family Lawsuit

I found an interesting find in the William I. Koch vs. Koch Industries trial that I covered in a previous three part series (part1, part2, part3). The document I found was 112 pages (much of it talks about historical court cases). What is even more interesting that the court case had 10,000 pages of exhibits (which would be twelve feet in a library).

William and Fred Koch along with other plaintiff dissents) owned 47.8% of Koch Industries stock. Fred Koch (father of all Koch brothers) set up trusts in 1966 and 1967 which gave all of his shares to his sons except for Frederick (some speculate it was because Frederick stole petty cash from the family). The trusts were actually interesting because the income of the trusts was paid to charity for 20 years and t he principal would be paid either to the Koch brothers or to some beneficiaries. Today, these are known as Charitable Remainder Annuity Trusts (CRAT trust) which is creative today and must have been innovative back then. According to the court case Charles began working at Koch in 1961 and became an officer one year later and was elected president in 1966. David came on board in 1970 with William joining in 1974 (three years after he completed his PhD from M.I.T.) William rose to become head of Koch Carbon in 1976 and was elected vice president of corporate development for Koch Industries in 1979.

In March 1980 William wanted more liquidity and cash flow for Koch Industries. Charles came up with an estate planning and liquidity program while Don Cordes and Tom Carey of Koch Industries talked to the plaintiffs to help them with any issues or concerns they had.  In the mean time William Koch didn’t like how Charles was running the company and talked to the plaintiffs. William talked to the plaintiffs to try to change the board of directors to do what they wanted.  The deal breaker would be J. Howard Marshall III who would help William, Frederick, and the other plaintiffs to gain a majority interest (over 50%).  Marshall III owned 4%. William however knew he had a problem because he didn’t have the number of shares he needed to elect a new board of directors. To fix this William called the First National Bank of Wichita and wanted to add two new directors. Charles hopped on a plane to see Marshall II to see if anything could be done. According to J. Howard Marshall II autobiography “Done In Oil” Charles went to visit Marshall II and Charles asked “What do we do now?” J. Howard Marshall II who himself was a business man after spending many years in government agencies suggested that he would offer his son $8 million $203 per share for the Koch stock that would change the board. Marshall tried to make it more of an emotional offer and his son took it. William got wind of this and increased the offer price to J. Howard III.

At a December 5, 1980 meeting Stuart Varner who was a board member of Koch Industries suggested that William Koch be asked to resign. William didn’t want to however the board thought it was time for him to go. In 1981 William hired Davis, Polk, and Wardwell to represent him and Morgan Stanley and Lehman Brothers were also brought on to determine what if Koch Industries should be publicly traded to fix the problem of liquidity and cash flow that William had been complaining about.  In a May 18, 1981 meeting the estimates from Morgan Stanley and Lehman said Koch Industries could sell between $140-$170 per share. Charles thought some of these figures were high because they did not take into account working capital. Both Morgan Stanley and Lehman said Koch Industries should not go public unless it needed to.

In 1982 Goldman Sachs was brought in and examined 100 pages of evidence from Koch Industries analyzing historical earnings balance sheets from 1977-1982. Goldman came up with a value of $1.6-$2.2 billion and valued the stock between $110 and $140 per share. William did not like this number and questioned Goldman Sachs about whether they were doing analyzing their discounted cash flows models correctly (used to figure out value). William then brought in Bain & Co. (keep bringing in advisors until you get the number you want right?).  Lehman revalued the shares in July 1982 and came up with an average of $175 per share.  On July 26, 1982 this profile came out in Fortune that discussed part of the battle that had been going on at Koch Industries. By October 1982 the case was even affecting mother Mary Koch who called Don Cordes and was upset that the Koch brothers were not able to solve their issues in court. By November  of 1982 Bain had come up with $187 per share while William and Bain wanted to make a counter-offer of $240 per share or a 28% premium. The plaintiffs all got together and met with Goldman Sachs and Bain & Co and agreed on the $240 per share counter offer. Koch Industries however did not think $240 per share made any sense after Lehman said it was really worth $140 per share. Koch countered with $167 per share ($95 in cash and $72 over a 15 year period at 10% interest). The plaintiffs did not want this because when you calculate a present value it was very low compared to what they thought they could get. William thought the stock was worth $212-$245 per share. In May 1983 William gathered up the plaintiffs to discuss what they all thought a fair price was. William of course wanted more than everyone else and the group also had to determine the cost of waiting out the ligation.

Finally at midnight on June 4, 1983 the final draft had been approved by both sides with the deal closed only six days later.  The plaintiffs were paid $200 per share on June 10, 1983 (the legal cost for “experts” was over $1.5 million). Charles, David, and William at the time each around 20% of the common stock (Fredrick owned 14%). The Simmons family (Mariorie Simmons Gray, Ann Alspaugh, and others) owned 13% and J. Howard Marshall II owned 8% (the one who married Anna-Nicole Smith). Koch employees and other people owned just 4%.  

Not only did the plaintiffs get a $200 share price but they got part of an offshore exploration property. This was however short lived as Bill Koch believed that brothers Charles and David Koch had cheated them out of money.  On December 31, 1982 the book value of Koch Industries was $1.54 billion (meaning what the worth of just its assets). The company in 1982 earned after tax earned $309 million. The company had a book value of just $133 per share.

This whole share price war reminds me of the classic book “Barbarians at the Gate” which discusses the merger between Nabisco and R.J. Reynolds with investment bankers coming up with higher and higher offers but made crazy assumptions. The Koch trial seems to be similar. Koch Industries told William Koch what the company was worth but William wanted a higher price. He kept hiring advisors to tell him his higher number was right. However, in the end I think William Koch made out pretty well.  When the whole thing was said and done Bill walked away with a $500 million check. William is now worth $4 billion. Not too shabby if you ask me. 

Charles Koch Relentless Goals: Being a Billionaire, Death Threats, and Giving Back

Source: Wichita Eagle

Apparently, the Wichita Eagle gave me an early Christmas present with this recent profile of Charles Koch. In 1998, Bob Cox of the Wichita Eagle did an in depth profile similar to this one.  The Koch family seems like one interesting family with David, Charles, and Bill. This profile shed light on who Charles Koch really is.

In the article it discusses how Charles Koch gets his hair cut from his wife (even though he is worth $31 billion and historical net worth 1984-2012 here) because he doesn't have time to go to the barber. Koch also use to be an avid skier until his knees gave out and has had both knees replaced and his right shoulder. This was after years of playing tennis, squash, golf, and polo.  These days he works out for an hour and a half doing weighting lifting, Pilates, and aerobics and follows a strict diet. He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1999. Koch is very competitive. When he played tennis with his friends and wife he hit the ball so hard that it hit the woman in the lip causing his wife Liz to curse him out.

His wife Liz has been at his side for their 44 years of marriage (which seems rare these days). She claims she is only one in the relationship that let her hair grow out.What is funny though is that when Liz first met Charles he wore a strip shirt and madras (picnic shorts). Liz also put up with Charles having books all over their apartment when they were first married when Charles was teaching himself about different subjects (economics, psychology, history) in the 1960's that Liz didn't even have a closet for her clothes. Even brother David Koch admits Charles reads "like a demon".

Charles was also competitive in the business world as well. Right before he joined his father’s company it had $70 million in annual revenue in 1960. In 2012, this number increased to $116 billion. Koch is a hard working man who is always working. His father Fred yelled at him when he was trying to save money for estate taxes (estate taxes have to be paid 9 months after death which makes it hard if your assets are all tied up in company stock). Charles bought two trucker companies (instead of one) and his father was furious with him. I personally think Koch is a workaholic however I think one of the side effects is becoming a billionaire. He also doesn’t like wasting time as he listens to audio books in his car because why waste 10 minutes of time. He doesn’t seem to work for money.  Charles Koch wakes up every morning to do what he loves doing: running a business. He doesn’t plan to retire and probably will work until he dies.

Growing up in the Koch family wasn’t easy either. The tennis gene must of rubbed off on his son Chase Koch because he appeared in Sports Illustrated under “Faces in the Crowd” in 1996 for a stellar tennis record. Just three years earlier Chase hit and killed someone in an accident. People make mistakes no question and growing up with Charles Koch probably wasn't easy as at 13 years old Chase had to go out and do work on the cattle feedlot in western Kansas. Charles said he thought his son believed he would have a full time job and be able to go out with his friends as night in Kansas. Chase worked 12 to 13 hour days 7 days a week as well. Charles when he first started work at Koch worked 7 days a week too. Charles preached family values and economics to his kids. Every Sunday afternoon Charles would teach his kids about economics. Chase would go to sleep while daughter Elizabeth would act interested. Chase who is not 35 now Vice President of Koch Agronomics Services. Elizabeth graduated from Princeton in 1999 is 36 years old with a degree in English literature and an MFA from Syracuse in 2011 and now works at Black Balloon Publishing in New York. The Koch kids seem to be good people or done anything crazy that has got in the press.

What truly is crazy is that the Koch family gets hundreds of death threats from wackos all the time. Not only this but Koch Industries has received cyber threats, bomb threats, and employees have also been threatened to. The family has a result has to hire security guards around the clock to protect themselves (tax increase I would point out). This seems pretty crazy for guys that just want to spread the good word of liberty, limited government, and prosperity. Speaking of prosperity Charles points out that "even those who live in poverty, have more money and opportunity for jobs if they live in a free-market economy rather than one controlled by dictators".

I consider Charles Koch to be a great American. Greatly expanding a business his father started into a $115 billion per year is not easy. In addition to creating jobs, improving the economic condition of his own 60,000 employees he is trying to spread the message that free markets actually do improve the life of everyone (even  poor people). I personally don't think Charles Koch is motivated by money. He is motivated to do the right thing by explaining not only how he was successful but how other people can be successful. In addition to all of this, he and his brother David have given $46 million to local Kansas charities and $1 billion in the last 12 years to various causes. If after reading this you don't have any respect for Mr. Koch you probably don't have any decency.